Cattle mineral blocks are an easy way to give cows salt and trace minerals, but they are not always the best choice. Many cattle do not eat enough from a hard block to meet their needs, and loose minerals are often better. This guide explains how blocks compare and how to use them well.
What mineral blocks do
Blocks are pressed salt-based cubes that cattle lick. Some are plain salt, and others contain added minerals such as zinc, copper, selenium and iodine. Cattle need salt every day, plus calcium and phosphorus and several trace minerals, depending on forage and region.
Blocks vs. loose minerals
- Blocks. They are cheap, weather resistant and easy to place. But they are hard, so intake is often low, and some cattle lick far more than others.
- Loose minerals. Cattle usually eat more of them, so it is easier to hit target intake, especially for lactating cows. They need a covered feeder to stay dry.
Extension guidance generally favors loose free-choice minerals when cattle have special needs, with block as a convenience option. Check the tag for the intended daily intake and watch actual consumption.
How to choose
- Match the mineral to your area. Soils and forages vary in selenium, copper, zinc and magnesium.
- Use a product made for cattle. Sheep and goat minerals can differ in copper content.
- Check that it has enough calcium and phosphorus if your forage is low in them.
- In spring grass, ask your extension agent about high-magnesium minerals to help prevent grass tetany.
- Avoid products with added medication unless your vet recommends it.
Placement and use
- Put blocks or feeders near water and loafing areas.
- Provide more than one location in big pastures so timid cows can reach one.
- Keep minerals out of the rain, and replace wet or moldy product.
- Check weekly. If cattle empty it quickly, check intake against the label. If they ignore it, try a different product.
Related reading
See how to make a mineral feeder for cattle for a simple covered feeder.
Bottom Line
Blocks supply salt and some minerals with little work, but loose free-choice minerals are often more reliable. Ask your vet or extension agent which minerals your herd needs.
This article is general information, not veterinary advice.
