Most cows on good pasture or quality hay need little or no sweet feed. When you do feed it, a typical range for a mature beef cow is a few pounds a day, split into more than one meal and increased gradually. The right amount depends on the cow’s size, stage of production, body condition and the quality of her forage.
What sweet feed is
Sweet feed is a mix of grains such as corn, oats and barley with molasses added to cut dust and improve taste. It is high in energy and starch and low in fiber. It is mainly used to add calories, not to replace forage.
How much is typical?
- Cows on good pasture or hay: often none.
- Late pregnancy and early lactation, or thin cows: commonly 2 to 5 pounds per day for a 1,200-pound cow, added slowly.
- Dairy cows, growing calves and show animals: use a ration from your nutritionist, which varies a lot.
These are general ranges, not a prescription. A hay test and a body condition score give a much better answer. Your county extension office can help.
How to feed sweet feed safely
- Increase slowly. A sudden jump in grain can cause acidosis, bloat and founder. Move up over 2 to 3 weeks.
- Split into two feedings instead of one big meal.
- Always keep long-stem forage available. Cows need fiber to keep the rumen working.
- Give a fair share to everyone. Use enough bunk space so shy cows are not pushed out.
- Provide clean water and minerals. Sweet feed is not a complete mineral program.
- Do not feed moldy or wet feed.
Warning signs
Call your vet if a cow bloats, goes off feed, has loose or foamy manure, or limps after a feed change. Bloat can kill quickly.
Alternatives to sweet feed
Better hay, mineral supplements, protein cubes and beet pulp can supply energy with less starch risk. For more detail see our guides on whether cows can eat sweet feed and how much sweet feed to give.
Bottom Line
Feed sweet feed only when forage alone is not enough. Start low, work up slowly, split meals, keep hay in front of the cattle and ask your vet or extension agent to set the amount for your herd.
