Grass snakes eat mostly amphibians. In the wild, frogs, toads, newts and tadpoles make up most of their diet, with fish and the occasional small mammal on the side. Because of that, they are a poor choice for a pet snake, and in many places wild ones are protected.
Which “Grass Snake” Do You Mean?
Most people who search for this are thinking of the European grass snake (Natrix helvetica or Natrix natrix), a semi-aquatic snake that lives near ponds, rivers and damp meadows across Europe. In the United States, people sometimes use “grass snake” to mean a garter snake or a smooth green snake. The diet below is for the European grass snake. For American species, see our posts on garter snakes and green snakes.
What Grass Snakes Eat in the Wild
- Frogs and toads: the main prey, swallowed whole and often still alive.
- Newts and tadpoles: eaten near ponds, especially in spring.
- Fish: grass snakes are strong swimmers and catch small fish.
- Small mammals and birds’ eggs: taken occasionally, mostly by larger adults.
They hunt by sight and smell, in and around the water. Young snakes eat smaller prey such as tadpoles, froglets and insects.
Why They Are Hard to Keep as Pets
A grass snake’s diet is the main problem. Many will not accept frozen rodents, and feeding wild-caught frogs and toads is not recommended: it can pass on parasites, and some toads have skin toxins. In addition, grass snakes are legally protected in several countries, so taking one from the wild is often against the law. If you find an injured snake, call a local wildlife rescue.
If You Are Caring for a Rescued Grass Snake
Speak to a wildlife rescue or a reptile veterinarian first. They will tell you whether the snake should be released, and they can advise on feeding if it must be kept for a short time.
Grass Snakes Around Your Garden
If you have a pond, you may see grass snakes in the summer. They are harmless to people and to pets, though they may eat frogs or fish. To make your garden friendlier, leave some long grass and a compost heap, which grass snakes use as a warm place to lay eggs, and avoid using slug pellets and pesticides.
Bottom Line
Grass snakes feed mainly on frogs, toads, newts and fish. They are not easy pets, and wild animals should be left alone. If you want a snake that is simpler to feed at home, a rat snake or a ball python eating frozen-thawed mice is a much easier option.
For any sick or injured reptile, contact a reptile veterinarian or wildlife rescue.
