Paw hyperkeratosis is a buildup of thick, hard keratin on a dog’s paw pads (and sometimes the nose). It is managed with regular softening and moisturizing, and by checking with your vet to find the cause. It is usually not painful at first, but cracks can become sore or infected if the pads get very thick.
General information, not veterinary advice. Have your vet diagnose hyperkeratosis before treating it, because other conditions can look similar.
What it looks like
- Pads that look dry, rough, crusty or “hairy” from frond-like keratin growths
- Cracks or fissures in the pad, sometimes with limping
- Thickened skin on the nose in some dogs
Common causes
- Genetics. Some breeds, including Irish terriers, Dogues de Bordeaux, Labradors and Golden Retrievers, can inherit forms of the condition. Some puppies show signs early.
- Age. Older dogs often develop thicker pads.
- Distemper. A past or current distemper infection can cause “hard pad disease.”
- Skin and immune conditions. Zinc-responsive dermatosis, autoimmune skin disease, liver disease and others can thicken the pads.
- Environment. Hot pavement, rough ground, harsh chemicals and constant moisture can irritate pads.
Because the causes range from harmless to serious, see your vet for a diagnosis, especially if there are cracks, limping, bleeding or crusts on other body parts.
Safe at-home care
- Soak. Soak your dog’s paws in lukewarm water for a few minutes to soften the keratin. Pat dry gently.
- Moisturize. Apply a dog-safe paw balm or ask your vet which product to use. Choose products labeled for dogs because dogs lick their paws.
- Keep paws clean and dry. Wipe paws after walks, especially after salt, de-icer or lawn chemicals.
- Trim hair between toes. It keeps debris from collecting.
- Let a professional trim. Do not cut or peel thick keratin yourself. Your vet or groomer can trim it safely, since cutting too deep causes pain and bleeding.
- Protect paws. Boots can help on hot, icy or rough surfaces.
Things to avoid
- Human lotions and creams that can upset a dog’s stomach if licked
- Essential oils, which can be toxic
- Pulling or scraping off thick growths
Diet and supplements
Some skin problems respond to nutrition. A complete diet with enough zinc and omega-3 fatty acids helps skin health, but do not start supplements on your own. Zinc in particular can be harmful in excess. Your vet may recommend a prescription or skin-support diet; see our review of Hill’s hypoallergenic dog food for what those diets are.
When to see a vet right away
- Bleeding, deep cracks or discharge
- Limping or licking the paws constantly
- Thickening along with fever, discharge from the eyes or nose, or coughing
- A bad smell, which may mean infection
Bottom Line
Hyperkeratosis is usually a long-term condition. Regular soaking, a dog-safe balm, careful trimming by a pro, and a vet diagnosis keep most dogs comfortable. Don’t treat it with human products or cut the pads yourself.
